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History of telephone hacking The telephone network has historically been a target of hackers. The term “phreaking”, the act of telephone hacking, became prevalent in the 1970’s and 80’s. A subculture of telephony hackers developed methods to illegally control telephone networks. The intent of these intrusions varied substantially. Some simply viewed phreaking as a hobby, with no real intent to do damage. Others gained illegal access to bypass toll charges and obtain free long distance service. Last, the aim of certain individuals is more devious in nature. Activities such as call diverting, rerouting, and eavesdropping are all security issues of the PSTN network. Unfortunately, these same issues exist within VoIP telephony. An introduction to VoIP VoIP leverages the internet as an infrastructure for voice communications. Data packets carry voice in the same manner as general internet traffic. This configuration is more efficient than the PSTN network. VoIP can use one shared broadband circuit for many packet switched services; data, voice, and even video teleconferencing. Within an office environment, VoIP implementations often converge with the existing data network. While this consolidation reduces costs, it also places greater performance and security demands on the network switches. One cabling infrastructure, and one set of switches, manages network connectivity for both voice and data services. Some networks further collapse services such as wireless and video teleconferencing into the switch stack. Sophisticated layer three switches identify devices either as phones, computers, or wireless access points, and then assign these devices to the appropriate virtual local area network. Once on the correct virtual LAN, they obtain an IP assignment to the correct network. This device categorization is important for a number of reasons. Assigning devices to virtual networks applies security parameters distinctly based on network type, a good security practice. Additionally, categorizing devices allows the switch to prioritize one group’s traffic over another, a process called quality of service (QoS), which is very important in protecting call quality in a converged system (Stredicke, 2007).